Regarding signs of obstructed labour and cephalopelvic disproportion, which of the following statements are TRUE?

• A. False: A well-flexed head with the posterior fontanelle felt is favourable, not a sign of obstruction.
• B. True
• C. False: Oxytocin in an obstructed multiparous uterus risks rupture and is contraindicated.
• D. True
• E. False: Caput and moulding are warning signs of obstruction, not reassurance.

Signs of obstruction

• Caput (scalp oedema) and moulding increase with obstruction and are early warning signs.
• Moulding grades: 0 (separated), + (touching), ++ (overlapping reducible), +++ (overlapping, non-reducible, severe).
• In a multipara, augmenting an obstructed uterus risks rupture; caesarean is appropriate.

Why A is false

A well-flexed head (posterior fontanelle felt) is a favourable sign, not a sign of obstruction.

Why B is true

Increasing caput is an early sign of obstruction.

Why C is false

Oxytocin in an obstructed multipara risks uterine rupture and is contraindicated.

Why D is true

Grade +++ moulding is severe, non-reducible overlap.

Why E is false

Caput and moulding warn of obstruction; they are not reassuring.